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See No Weevil is a funky little quartet that delivers an infectious (insectious?) mix of eclectic music, most of it with a blues and R&B flavor. Some are originals, the others mostly reinterpretations of other tunes that never made a chart. In short, the band plays a lot of danceable tunes you haven't heard before, but'll want to hear again. Click on The MP3s to hear and download some examples of See No Weevil in action.
A History Lesson with Booze:When the insidious boll weevil cottoned on to Enterprise, Alabama back in 1915, the town quite literally went nuts. Hear the tale, then try a "See No Weevil"- a philosophy and a custom cocktail courtesy of Wes Fraser, bartender at the Bottletree cafe in Birmingham, Alabama.
Guest of Honor: Christian LanderChristian Lander's satirical blog "Stuff White People Like" -- a witty and perceptive catalog of the desires of a certain class of caucasians -- is an Internet phenomenon that's generated two books, the latest being "Whiter Shades Of Pale." Lander explains why he's not racist, why he botched the GRE, and why Toronto isn't as white as you might think. Hear more from Christian Lander, and listen in as Brendan tracks the food-trendologist trend, at www.dinnerpartydownload.org.
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The alfalfa weevil is a major pest throughout Utah. It is a beetle with one generation per year. Eggs hatch in the spring, and the grub-like immature weevils (larvae) feed by chewing on the alfalfa foliage. In high numbers, alfalfa weevils can cause severe damage to Utah alfalfa. In any given year, however, the weevils are few enough in number in many fields to cause only minor damage. Monitor larval populations in early spring using sweep net or stem count methods. Insecticide resistance can be reduced by spraying only when needed, properly timing sprays, and rotating between modes of action.
Weevils infesting stored grain pose a threat to grain quality and present a specific set of challenges when trying to control these insects. As weevils proliferate across the U.S., identifying, preventing and managing weevil infestations all contribute to maintaining the quality and profitability of your grains.
The primary and most effective means of controlling weevils in your stored grain is to take preventative steps. To help prevent weevil infestations, clean and treat all empty bins thoroughly, including walls, floors, cracks and crevices, prior to loading in grains. For these applications, we recommend applying a tank mix of Diacon® IGR PLUS and PBO-8® Synergist to areas previously mentioned as well as the grain handling equipment.
The major drawback of RNAi is that its efficiency seems to be very variable among insects. Species belonging to the order of Coleoptera (beetles, weevils) generally seem to be very sensitive to oral RNAi, while insects belonging to hemipteran and lepidopteran orders exhibit a much lower or a very variable RNAi efficiency16,17,18,19,20. Recently, a first proof-of-concept experiment has shown that RNAi works in the close relative of C. brunneus, namely C. puncticollis, at least by microinjection20. In this research, we investigate the efficacy and efficiency of oral RNAi in C. brunneus and hence investigate whether an RNAi-based approach is a viable option for control of the sweetpotato weevil C. brunneus.
Since no genomic or transcriptomic database was available, the transcriptome of C. brunneus was first sequenced. Subsequently, the RNAi machinery genes and a list of 24 potential target genes were identified in this transcriptome, based on their critical role in diverse and vital biological processes. Third, RNAi functionality was confirmed by a microinjection experiment targeting the laccase2 gene. Subsequently, a screening on toxicity of the dsRNAs targeting 24 potential target genes was performed using a microinjection approach in C. brunneus larvae. And finally, the most promising target genes were then investigated in oral bioassays for their potential to cause mortality in weevil populations.
Next, we identified possible RNAi target genes for which silencing was expected to cause high lethality in treated weevils. The selection was made based on information available in the Database of Essential Genes ( )21. These include genes involved in key cellular functions. A full list of the selected target genes is presented in Table 1. Additionally, the full nucleotide sequences are given in Supplementary Data 3.
In conclusion, this research has shown that RNAi could be a powerful tool in the control of the sweetpotato weevil C. brunneus. We have identified several target genes in the transcriptome for which the delivery of low doses of dsRNA leads to effective silencing and a rapid and high mortality. Further testing, using transgenic plants which express the weevil-specific dsRNA will be necessary to demonstrate applicability in the field.
The Sri Lankan weevil was first detected in 2000. By May 2006 it was found in 12 counties in Florida. Michael Thomas of the Florida Division of Plant Industry has obtained data from field agents identifying this weevil in an additional 15 counties since May of 2006. It has not been determined how the Sri Lankan weevil arrived in south Florida.
Figure 2. Distribution of Sri Lankan weevils, Myllocerus undecimpustulatus undatus Marshall, in Florida based on initial collection from 2000 to 2006, and additional data through 2015. Map created by Anita Neal, University of Florida.
Adults: Adult Sri Lankan weevils vary in length from approximately 6.0 to 8.5 mm; the female weevil is slightly larger than the male by 1.0 to 2.0 mm. Some of the notable features of the Sri Lankan weevil are toothed femora (front and middle bidentate and hind femora tridentate), strongly angled humeri (shoulders, see red arrows in figures 3 and 6) are broader than the prothorax, the yellowish coloration of the head, and the dark-mottled elytra. These features help distinguish the Sri Lankan weevil from other weevils of similar size and coloration. Artipus floridanus Horn, the little leaf notcher, is most similar in appearance but the femora lack teeth, the humeri are not angled, and the elytra are grayish to white, with smaller black cuticular marks formed by perforations on the elytra.
Figure 6. Adult Sri Lankan weevil, Myllocerus undecimpustulatus undatus Marshall (left) comparison with the little leaf notcher, Artipus floridanus Horn (right). Photographs by Paul Skelley, FDACS-Division of Plant Industry.
Eggs: Female Myllocerus spp. may lay up to 360 eggs over a 24-day period, and larvae emerge in 3-5 days. Sri Lankan weevil eggs are laid directly on organic material at the soil surface, which is common for most Myllocerus spp. Eggs are less than 0.5 mm, ovoid and usually laid in clusters of 3-5. The eggs are white or cream-colored at first, then gradually turn brown when they are close to hatching.
Figure 7. Life cycle of the Sri Lankan weevil, Myllocerus undecimpustulatus undatus Marshall, eggs, larva, pupa, and adult life stages. Photographs by Holly Glenn, University of Florida.
The Sri Lankan weevil has a wide host range of over 150 plant species including native, ornamental, vegetable and fruit species. Some host plant examples include Citrus spp., citrus; Conocarpus erectus, green buttonwood; Bauhinia x blakeana, Hong Kong orchid tree; Chrysobalanus icaco, cocoplum; Phoenix roebellenii, pygmy date palm; Prunus persica, peach; Lagerstroemia indica, crepe myrtle; Capsicum spp., pepper; Litchi chinensis, lychee; Muntingia calabura, strawberry tree; and Solanum melongena, eggplant. It is unclear what the larval host plants are, but they have been reared in the laboratory on pepper, eggplant, cotton, carrot, and sweet potato roots.
Figure 8. Adult Sri Lankan weevil, Myllocerus undecimpustulatus undatus Marshall, feeding damage on Terminalia catappa L., tropical almond. Photograph by Susan Halbert, FDACS - Division of Plant Industry.
Leaf-feeding adults damage the foliage of ornamental plants, fruit trees, and vegetables, whereas the larvae injure root systems. Due to its feeding habits, the Sri Lankan weevil could negatively affect subtropical and tropical fruit, ornamental, and vegetable industries here in Florida. The possible impact to the horticulture industry in nurseries, landscape services, and horticultural retailers could reach billions of dollars based on the value they generate in Florida (Kachatryan and Hodges 2012). Extension agents and Master Gardener volunteers around the state have received requests from homeowners for information on the control of this weevil. Botanical gardens and plant nurseries have reported damage due to chewing injury and require effective control measures.
When adult weevils feed on leaves, they feed inward from the leaf margins (or edges), causing the typical leaf notching. There are some instances where the leaf material is almost completely defoliated, where the weevil has fed along the leaf veins. The adults prefer new plant growth. Intense feeding by numerous weevils may cause plant decline or stunting. Young seedlings may not survive a large amount of feeding damage. With healthy plants, however, the feeding damage may be considered cosmetic if the plant recovers.
Figure 9. Adult Sri Lankan weevil, Myllocerus undecimpustulatus undatus Marshall, feeding damage on Conocarpus erectus L., green buttonwood. Photograph by Holly Green, University of Florida.
Several alfalfa stands in the Northeast have shown signs of insect feeding on the leaves. Some farmers noticed that their fields were beginning to look brown, and showing little or no signs of regrowth following first cutting. After scouting the fields, it was easy to determine the presence of alfalfa weevil and some heavy feeding on the alfalfa stands which were causing setbacks in regrowth. 2b1af7f3a8